Discover the meaning of Saraswati and Pagerwesi, two powerful Balinese Hindu ceremonies that honor divine wisdom and spiritual protection. A soulful guide for seekers drawn to Bali’s sacred rhythm.


Galungan & Kuningan - Bali’s Sacred Celebration of Ancestral Return
Galungan & Kuningan - Bali’s Sacred Celebration of Ancestral Return
“When we remember our ancestors, we remember who we are and where we came from.”
— Balinese Wisdom -
If you find yourself in Bali and notice tall, curved bamboo poles adorned with coconut leaves swaying gracefully at the roadside, you may wonder: What is happening? These are penjors, and their arrival marks the beginning of Galungan, one of the most sacred times in the Balinese calendar—a spiritual homecoming when the veil between worlds thins and the ancestors return.
The Essence of Galungan: The Triumph of Dharma
Galungan to Kuningan celebrates the victory of dharma (cosmic order, righteousness, "good") over adharma (chaos, imbalance, "evil"). It is a time when the spirit world and the human world come into closer alignment. According to Balinese belief, ancestral spirits descend to visit their earthly homes—not as ghosts to be feared, but as revered family returning.
To honor this, families clean and decorate their compounds, prepare offerings and dress in ceremonial attire. There is an air of joy and reverence, a sense of being part of something ancient and enduring.
The Meaning of the Penjor
The major is more than a decoration—it is a prayer in form. Made from bamboo, young coconut leaves, rice, fruits, and other natural offerings, it symbolizes prosperity and gratitude to the divine. The curved shape represents the sacred mountain Gunung Agung and the path of spiritual return. Each penjor is a living reminder of the Balinese connection to the earth, ancestors, and gods.
Galungan to Kuningan: A Sacred Fortnight
Galungan is not just a day, but the beginning of a 10-day sacred period that ends with Kuningan, when the ancestral spirits return to the heavens. During these days, temples overflow with prayers, homes smell of incense and flowers, and there is a profound sense that the island is being gently held in spirit.
Time, Ancestors, and the Spiritual Calendar
In Bali, nothing is done at random—especially not ceremonies. The timing of Galungan, like all major rituals, is chosen according to the sacred Balinese calendars. These calendars guide the flow of life on the island, pointing to blessed times when the energies of the universe are most supportive. Whether it’s a wedding, a temple ceremony, or a cremation ritual, these moments are chosen not only for practicality but for spiritual harmony—to act in rhythm with the divine.
In this sacred window, ancestors are not merely remembered—they are welcomed. Balinese believe they return to their homes, to be honored with offerings, prayers, and presence. It is not about worship but relationship. This renewal of connection keeps the living rooted, guided, and protected by the wisdom of those who came before.
Reflection for the Curious Traveler
If you are in Bali during Galungan, walk slowly, with presence and gratitude. Notice the offerings at doorways, the children in traditional dress, the music of the gamelan echoing through the air. You are witnessing a society that remembers its sacred roots.
You might take this time to reflect:
• What does it mean to live in alignment with dharma?
• How do we honor our ancestors—through an image, memory, prayer, celebration, or presence?
Some choose quiet moments of reflection. Others set an image at the table, light a candle, or even gather loved ones for a joyful evening in their ancestor’s name—celebrating life as a sacred offering.
A Blessing for the Journey
May this festive time open your heart to the timeless dance between seen and unseen. May you feel the gentle touch of spirit in the offerings, the smiles, the sacred beauty of Bali. In honoring what came before, we find clarity for the path ahead.
Jack is the initiator and chief editor of Bali Spiritual Heritage, and the founder of Gunung Paradis Retreat in North Bali—a sanctuary of calm, care, bliss, and healing. A lifelong entrepreneur and Conscious Longevist since 2011, his work draws from Balinese spiritual traditions and the principles of modern healthy living. “My mission is to help others begin their transformational journey towards a more conscious, joyful, healthy and sustainable life.” 🔗 Visit Gunung Paradis Retreat | gunungparadis.com
Want to Book a Relaxing Holiday or a Retreat?
Want to Book a Relaxing Holiday or a Retreat?
Gunung Paradis is the perfect location for a private- or a group retreat
Gunung Paradis is the perfect location for a private- or a group retreat

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